Southern African nations have decided to withdraw their troops from the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) as rebel forces continue to gain ground. This decision comes after two years of military support aimed at helping the Congolese government combat the Rwandan-backed M23 rebels, who have captured significant territories in this mineral-rich region.
The announcement was made during a virtual summit of the Southern African Development Community (Sadc) held in Harare, Zimbabwe. Leaders did not specify the reasons for the withdrawal, but it follows a troubling escalation in violence. Earlier this year, at least 19 soldiers from South Africa, Malawi, and Tanzania lost their lives when M23 seized control of Goma, the largest city in the area.
The ongoing conflict has resulted in thousands of deaths and left many more without homes. The M23 has made significant advances, recently taking Bukavu, the region’s second-largest city. Concerns have been raised about the potential for the fighting to spread into a wider regional conflict.
South African President Cyril Ramaphosa acknowledged the precarious situation but noted that the current peace is holding. Despite this, analysts express concern about the implications of the troop withdrawal. Sandile Swanda, a political analyst, described the situation as embarrassing for South Africa, emphasizing that the country is not prepared for a full-scale war.
The withdrawal is seen as a setback not only for South Africa but also for Sadc and the DR Congo. Stephanie Wolters from the South African Institute of International Affairs stated that Sadc’s departure weakens the position of the Congolese government in its struggle against the rebels.
In February, Malawi’s president indicated that their troops would also be pulled from DR Congo, although he did not elaborate on the reasons. The leaders of Sadc have committed to continuing support for peace efforts, advocating for diplomatic solutions to the conflict.
Angola is set to host peace talks between DR Congo and the M23 next week, a move welcomed by the rebel group. However, DR Congo’s President Félix Tshisekedi has been reluctant to engage directly with the M23, insisting on negotiations only with Rwanda.
The Sadc mission, which was expected to deploy around 5,000 troops, had South Africa leading the effort with 2,900 troops. As the situation evolves, it remains to be seen how the withdrawal will impact the ongoing conflict and peace efforts in the region.