Budapest, Hungary, is a city known for its stunning architecture and lively atmosphere. However, beneath this vibrant surface lies a political landscape that many critics describe as increasingly authoritarian. Since Viktor Orbán became Prime Minister in 2010, Hungary has shifted from a thriving democracy to what some call an "electoral autocracy." This term refers to a system that combines democratic structures with authoritarian practices.
Orbán’s government has made significant changes to the judiciary, replacing experienced judges with younger, more compliant ones. The administration has also restricted the independent press, altered the constitution to strengthen its grip on power, and enacted laws that limit civil society and minority rights. These actions have led to Hungary being viewed as a pariah within the European Union.
Despite these controversies, Orbán has gained admiration from some American conservatives. Figures like David Reaboi, a right-wing media personality, argue that Orbán’s hardline stance on immigration and social issues resonates with conservative values in the U.S. Reaboi believes that Orbán’s approach has inspired a more aggressive style among American conservatives, particularly during Donald Trump’s presidency.
However, not everyone shares this admiration. Critics like Kim Scheppele, a sociology professor at Princeton, warn that Hungary’s political trajectory could serve as a warning for other democracies, including the United States. Scheppele, who has studied Hungary’s legal system, emphasizes that Orbán’s rise to power was marked by a calculated strategy to undermine democratic institutions.
The situation in Hungary has sparked a backlash, with some citizens feeling that they are living under a regime that limits their freedoms. Protests against Orbán’s policies have become more common, and a new opposition party led by former party loyalist Peter Magyar poses a significant challenge to Orbán’s rule. This marks the first serious threat to his power in over a decade.
In rural areas, Orbán still enjoys considerable support, largely due to his government’s investments in infrastructure and services funded by the European Union. However, the EU is now pressuring Hungary to reverse its anti-democratic measures by withholding financial aid.
As young Hungarians look toward their futures, many are considering studying abroad. The political climate has become a major factor in their decisions. Rita Nadas, head of education at Engame Academy in Budapest, notes that students now cite politics and life in Hungary as key reasons for wanting to leave the country.
While Hungary may still hold elections, the democratic ideals many once cherished seem to be fading. Citizens are increasingly aware of the subtle ways in which dissent is stifled, whether through media censorship or social pressures. The future of Hungary remains uncertain as it grapples with the balance between its historical identity and the realities of modern governance.